Who has the risk of contracting the yellow fever?
Whatever it is exposed to the puncture of the carrying mosquito.
How propagates the yellow fever?
The person in charge of the propagation is essentially the mosquito Aegypti Aedes, urban mosquito that transmits the infection of man to man and can produce extensive epidemics.
The Yellow Fever is essentially a disease of monkeys and marsupial, these are pricked by sylvan mosquitos (Aedes simpsoni) that as well transmit the disease to the men who go to the forest (mainly workers), these return to their homes and carry the disease, the urban mosquito Aegypti Aedes when itching is in charge to them to propagate the disease.
Symptoms
The yellow fever has a period of incubation of 3 to 6 days after which the symptoms begin. The symptoms can vary from an individual to another one but the typical ones are:
- Picture similar to an influenza: (muscular fever, pains, headache)
- Jaundice: (yellowish color of skin and eyes, there its name)
- Hemorrhages:(nasal bleeding, encías, digestive hemorrhage with black vomits)
Prevention
Prevention The measures are of two types:
- Protection against the punctures of the mosquito
- Vaccination
Protection against the punctures of the mosquito:
To consider that the mosquito Aegypti Aedes is of diurnal habit, reason why is necessary to carry far the precautions during the day
Repulsive of personal use:
Diverse useful products in diverse forms exist (cream, lotion, sweep, aerosol) that are even applied on the exhibited skin and on the clothes. If the compound is the DEET (dietiletoluamida) its concentration it must be between the 30 and 50% for the adults and do not have to surpass 15% for the smaller children of 5 years.Repulsive environmental:
Several types exist: from derivative of pireta to electrical diffusers. The action usually lasts a 6-8 hours.Mosquito nettings:
She is one of the measures more effective than they are possible to be used. Its effectiveness increases if it is impregnated with some insecticide (permetrina, deltametrina).Clothes:
The colors of clear tones are less attractive for the mosquitos. The use of long trousers, socks and shirt of long sleeve is recommendable.
Vaccination:
A vaccine available for the yellow fever exists, a single dose confers immunity for 10 years more or. Conventionally day is considered valid from 10° day after the vaccine. Reason why it is necessary to be vaccinated at least TEN DAYS BEFORE STARTING OFF.
The vaccine of the yellow fever has few indirect effect, less than a 5% develop to headaches and muscular pains 5 to 10 days after the vaccination.
Who does not have to be vaccinated?
- Minors of 6 years
- Pregnant women
- People with hypersensitivity to the egg
- Patients with diminution of the immune system like AIDS patients, leucemias, linfomas, treatment with chemotherapy and/or x-ray. The symptomatic carriers of HIV will only be vaccinated if it is strictly necessary.
It is important that the travellers speak with their medical ones on the necessity to immunize itself before visiting the zones where still exists the yellow fever. In case of medical contraindication vaccination to ask for medical certificate crediting the contraindication to it and to consult with the consulate or embassy before starting off for a country in which the vaccine is obligatory.
Treatment of the yellow fever
Dice its viral origin does not exist a specific treatment. One is due to go to a sanitary center where treatment of the symptoms and the complications will be applied.
